Eleanor Maccoby Essays -- essays research papers

Eleanor Maccoby is a renowned psychologist, with publications dating from 1957 to today. She specializes on the socialization of small fryren, developmental change in personality and behavior, relationships of couples after divorce, and parent-child interactions. In this review I focus on her work examining the socialization of children, and parent-child interactions. I link her work between the socialization of children, from their interactions with their parents and with another(prenominal) children, to the interactions of adults. There is a clear parallel between the sex-typed skills learned in child-interactions and those conveyed in adult interactions.ParentChild InteractionsMaccoby looks at the development of sexuality by interaction social behavior is never a function of the individual alone. It is the function of the interaction between two or more persons (Maccoby 1990). Maccobys introductory work dealt with parental effects on childrens gender identity, focusing on th e sex stereotypes that parents instill in their children through interaction. Rothbart and Maccoby (1966) studied parents reactions to specific child behaviors, especially those regarded as sex-typed, like dependency and aggression, in hopes of understanding what accounts for sex differences in behavior. Social-learning theory addresses the finding, that girls display more dependent behaviors than boys, and boys display more rough behaviors than girls. And that dependent behaviors are less rewarded for males, just as aggressive behaviors are less rewarded for females (Rothbart and Maccoby 1966). Using social-learning theory, and assuming that the family constitutes the culture into which a young child is exposed, Rothbart and Maccoby (1966) predicted that some(prenominal) parents would reinforce dependency more strongly in girls, and aggression more strongly in boys. Rothbart Maccoby (1966) tested their prediction by placing parents in a vatical situation with a child, asking the m to record their reactions and responses to statements made by the child, such as Daddy (or Mommy), come look at my puzzleDaddy, help meBaby, you masst play with me. Youre too littleLeave my puzzle alone or Ill hit you in the head (Maccoby and Rothbart 1966). The child in this situation was a recording of a 4 year olds voice. Parents were told eith... ...Maccoby (2002) argues that since the same patterns that exist in childrens mixed and same-sex interactions are commonplace in adult interactions, it is not sufficient to only look at the interaction styles of adults, but that researchers must start with examining those of young children. This review traces those steeps that Maccoby has taken in her research. She began her research with parent-child interactions, studying the affect parents have on the sex-typing behavior of their children, in hopes of establishing where children learn about gender identity. Maccoby then took that information and combined it with research on chil drens interactions in play groups, which led her to believe that parental sex-typing is inconsequential in childrens decisions to play in sex-segregated groups. Maccoby (1987) argues that it is the combination of dominance and control with gender labeling that drives children to interact in same-sex groups. Maccoby then ascertains the importance of the interaction skills learned in these same-sex-segregated groups in affecting adult behavior, and illustrates the many parallels that exist between the interactions of the two several(predicate) age groups.